Bech32(m)
Also covering Bech32, Bech32m, BIP173, and Native segwit address
Bech32 and Bech32m are address formats used to pay native segwit outputs.
Using only 32 letters and numbers, the bech32 address format does not use mixed case and includes an error-correction code that can catch almost all address typos (and even identify where the typos occur in some cases). Addresses encode a segwit version, making them forward compatible with a large range of conceivable upgrades.
After a problem was discovered with bech32 error detection for future upgrades under some rare circumstances, a new bech32 modified (bech32m) format was proposed. It is expected that bech32m will be used for taproot and future segwit-based script upgrades, requiring wallets and services that implemented support for paying the original bech32 address format to upgrade if they want to support paying taproot addresses and future upgrades. No upgrade is required to continue paying the original (version 0) segwit addresses for P2WPKH and P2WSH scripts.
Primary code and documentation
Optech newsletter and website mentions
2022
2021
- 2021 year-in-review: bech32m addresses
- Bitcoin Core #16807 returns the location of typos in bech32/bech32m addresses
- Rust Bitcoin #691 adds an API to create bech32m addresses for a P2TR scriptPubKey
- Instructions for creating bech32m addresses in Bitcoin Core
- Rust Bitcoin #563 adds support for bech32m addresses for P2TR outputs
- Sparrow wallet adds support for bech32m addresses
- Wiki page for tracking wallet & service support of bech32m
- Rust Bitcoin #601 adds support for parsing bech32m addresses
- Preparing for taproot #1: bech32m sending support
- C-Lightning
- Electrum 4.1.0 adds support for bech32m
- Blockchain.com adds support for bech32 receiving and spending
- Bitcoin Core #20861 implements support for bech32m addresses
- BitMEX exchange announces support for bech32 deposit addresses
- BTCPay Server #2181 uppercases bech32 addresses in QR codes
- BIPs #1056 adds BIP350 for bech32m
- Draft BIP for bech32m
2020
- 2020 year in review: taproot’s need for a modified bech32 address format
- Q&A: What is the difference between ‘native segwit’ and ‘bech32’?
- Problems with QR-encoded bech32 BIP21 invoices with uppercase schema
- Bech32 algorithm revision research and proposal
- Discussion about updates to BIP173 bech32 to address mutability concerns
- Proposed updates to BIP173 bech32 to address mutability concerns
2019
- 2019 year-in-review: bech32 mutability
- Proposed plan to deal with bech32 malleability in variable-length addresses
- Analysis of bech32 error detection capability
- LND #3767 rejects malformed BOLT11 invoices with a valid bech32 checksum
- How does the bech32 length-extension mutation weakness work?
- Impact of bech32 length-change mutability on v1 segwit script length
- Bech32 sending support (24-part series)
2018
See also
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